Campos dos Goytacazes

History

Colonization of the area started in the 16th century, and the village of São Salvador de Campos de Goytacazes was founded on May 29, 1677. On March 28, 1835, the village was promoted to city status. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campos was the see of Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer, nicknamed "The Lion of Campos", who was one of the bishops who opposed the Vatican II reforms and who teamed with Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre of Dakar to consecrate four independent bishops in Écône, Switzerland, in 1988. Nowadays there are in Campos two Roman Catholic jurisdictions: a Diocese, whose Bishop is Monsignor Roberto Gomes Guimarães and the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, whose Apostolic Administrator is Monsignor Fernando Areas Rifan.

Geography

Campos dos Goytacazes has an area of , which makes it the largest municipality in the state by area, and its elevation is 14 m. Its name comes from the geographical characteristic of the region, very flat with fields (campos in Portuguese) and from the Goytacazes Indians, which inhabited the region. Campos, as the city is usually known, is a macro region of the Northern Fluminense, and is a micro region of Campos dos Goytacazes. The city has a tropical climate. The municipality contains part of the Desengano State Park, created in 1970. The city's distance to Rio de Janeiro city, which is the capital of the state, is . BR-101 is the access highway of the city of Campos. Regular air services are operated from its airport Bartolomeu Lysandro. It is the easternmost municipality in Rio de Janeiro. According to data provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the lowest recorded temperature in Campos dos Goytacazes was on 6 July 1942 and the highest was on 31 October 2012. The most accumulated precipitation in the same period was on 23 December 1955. Records equal or superior to include: * on 2 November 1977, * on 18 November 2008, * on 14 November 2016, * on 20 November 1972, * on 24 November 1966, * on 6 March 1960, * on 27 November 1992, * on 11 November 1970, * on 12 December 2005, * on 23 February 1933, * on 28 November 2008 and * on 28 March 1966.

Most-observed species

• Great Kiskadee

  Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  112
• Saffron Finch

  Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  99
• Tropical Kingbird

  Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 · Aves
  99
• African Hermit Spider

  Nephilingis cruentata (Fabricius, 1775) · Arachnida
  97
• Burrowing Owl

  Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782) · Aves
  83
• Eared Dove

  Zenaida auriculata (Des Murs, 1847) · Aves
  77
• Southern Lapwing

  Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782) · Aves
  72
• Ruddy Ground-Dove

  Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1810) · Aves
  71