Stuttgart

Sister cities

• Łódź
• Shavei Tzion
• Ōgaki-shi
• Jeddah
• St Helens
• Zapopan
• Melun
• St. Louis
• Cairo
• Menzel Bourguiba
• Brno
• Cardiff

History

Originally, the most important location in the Neckar river valley was the hilly rim of the Stuttgart basin at what is today Bad Cannstatt. Thus, the first settlement of Stuttgart was a massive Roman Castra stativa (Cannstatt Castrum) When the Romans were driven back past the Rhine and Danube rivers in the third century by the Alamanni, the settlement temporarily vanished from history until the seventh century. Archaeological evidence shows that later Merovingian era Frankish farmers continued to till the same land the Romans did. Cannstatt is mentioned in the Abbey of St. Gall's archives as "Canstat ad Neccarum" () in 708. The etymology of the name "Cannstatt" is not clear, but as the site is mentioned as condistat in the Annals of Metz (9th century), it is mostly derived from the Latin word condita ("foundation"), suggesting that the name of the Roman settlement might have had the prefix "Condi-". Alternatively, Sommer (1992) suggested that the Roman site corresponds to the Civitas Aurelia G attested to in an inscription found near Öhringen. There have also been attempts at a derivation from a Gaulish *kondâti- "confluence". In AD 950, Duke Liudolf of Swabia, son of the current Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, decided to establish a stud farm for his cavalry during the Hungarian invasions of Europe on the Nesenbach river valley south of the old Roman castrum. Stuttgart's viticulture, first documented in the Holy Roman Empire in the year AD 1108, Nevertheless, the existence of a settlement here (despite the terrain being more suited for raising horses) during the High Middle Ages is provided by a gift registry from Hirsau Abbey dated to around 1160 that mentions a "Hugo de Stuokarten". In 1251, the city passed to the Ulrich I von Württemberg as part of Mechthild von…

Geography

The core area of Stuttgart lies in the 48° fertile bowl angle about above sea level, an hour from the Black Forest and Swabian Jura on the banks of the Neckar river at to the west and north of Munich. The city is often described as being "zwischen Wald und Reben" ("between forest and vines") because of its viticulture and surrounding forests. Stuttgart covers an area of and sits at elevation ranging from above sea level by the Neckar river to on Bernhartshöhe hill – something rather unique in large German cities. The most prominent elevated locales in Stuttgart are the Birkenkopf () on the edge of the 51° bowl angle to the Württemberg () rising above the 34° Neckar angle, and the Grüner Heiner () at the northeast end of the city. Stuttgart is one of 14 regional centers in Baden-Württemberg and is naturally the primary centre of the Stuttgart Region, making it the administrative centre for a region of containing a total of 2.76 million people as of December 2014. In addition, Stuttgart serves as a Mittelzentrum for Esslingen District cities Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Filderstadt as well as Ditzingen, Gerlingen, and Korntal-Münchingen in Ludwigsburg District. Stuttgart is also chief of the three centres Stuttgart Metropolitan Region, an area of containing 5.5 million persons. {|class="wikitable" |- style="background:#c9c9c3" !style="border-top:1px;"|Mittelzentrum / Middle-Stage centers of the Stuttgart Region |- style="background:#fff;" |style="text-align:center;"|Backnang, Bietigheim-Bissingen / Besigheim, Böblingen / Sindelfingen, Esslingen am Neckar, Geislingen, Göppingen, Herrenberg, Kirchheim unter Teck, Leonberg, Ludwigsburg / Kornwestheim, Nürtingen, Schorndorf, Vaihingen an der Enz, Waiblingen / Fellbach |} Stuttgart experiences an oceanic climate…

Most-observed species

• Great Tit

  Parus major Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  10,686
• Carrion Crow

  Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  10,240
• Eurasian Blackbird

  Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  9,940
• Eurasian Blue Tit

  Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  9,182
• Common Buzzard

  Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  7,836
• Common Wood-Pigeon

  Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  7,672
• Common Chaffinch

  Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  7,365
• Eurasian Green Woodpecker

  Picus viridis Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  6,458

Most recent

• M 3.4 — 2022-10-16
  Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
• M 4 — 2022-07-09
  2 km NNE of Grosselfingen, Germany
• M 3.1 — 2008-12-25
  3 km NNW of Saulgau, Germany
• M 2.5 — 2008-12-12
  2 km ESE of Nehren, Germany
• M 2.8 — 2008-11-25
  1 km S of Steinmauern, Germany
• M 2.7 — 2008-07-09
  1 km WSW of Dußlingen, Germany