Gien

Sister cities

• Niebüll
• Redondo
• Malmesbury

History

Evidence of prehistoric occupation of Gien has been discovered. Gien was probably a centre of trade between farmers and blacksmiths. In Roman times, there was a town located in the site of Gien. However, its name remains unknown. The town of Gien-le-Vieux (Old Gien) became a parish in the high Middle Ages when Saint Peregrine, bishop of Auxerre, founded the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul. In 760, the army of Pepin the short stopped at Gien-le-Vieux before going to fight against Gascony and Aquitaine. In the eighth century, Charlemagne authorised the construction of a fortified mound around the site of the present castle. In the ninth and tenth centuries the decline of the Carolingian empire and Viking Raids led to a gradual abandonment of Gien-le-Vieux. The population mostly moved to the site of the current town of Gien which was easier to defend. However, the church of St. Peter and St. Paul survived until the seventeenth century. Gien had a large Protestant community and like its neighbours, Châtillon-Coligny, Châtillon-sur-Loire and Orleans, it was a Protestant stronghold during the French wars of religion. During this period, the churches were looted and clergy hunted. Much of Gien was destroyed during the Second World War. The town was bombed by the Luftwaffe, who aimed to destroy the town's bridge to prevent the French Army from retreating. The bombardment created a huge fire which completely destroyed over four hundred buildings, including the town's two main churches. The town was rebuilt after the war.

Most-observed species

• Common Chaffinch

  Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  593
• Eurasian Blackbird

  Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  548
• Eurasian Blue Tit

  Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  507
• Common Wood-Pigeon

  Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  502
• European Robin

  Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  497
• Great Tit

  Parus major Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  477
• Carrion Crow

  Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  443
• Mallard

  Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  433

Most recent

• M 2.7 — 2005-05-13
  7 km WSW of Vermenton, France
• M 2.7 — 2004-01-30
  5 km ESE of Valençay, France
• M 2.7 — 2003-05-21
  France