Bissau

Sister cities

• Chongqing
• Rio de Janeiro
• Praia
• Dakar
• Ankara
• Taipei
• Lisbon
• Águeda
• Sintra

History

From well before the arrival of Europeans to the early 20th century, the island of Bissau was governed as a kingdom inhabited by the Papel people. According to oral tradition, the kingdom was founded by Mecau, the son of the king of Quinara (Guinala), who moved to the area with his pregnant sister, six wives, and subjects of his father's kingdom. The kingdom was composed of seven clans, descended from the sister and six wives. The Bossassun clan, which descends from the sister, inherited the throne. The Kingdom of Bissau was highly stratified. The king's coronation involved the practice of binding and beating the king, as the king should know what punishment felt like before administering it, as well as the presentation of a spear, the royal badge of office. When the Portuguese began to trade there in the 16th century, the king of Bissau was among the most supportive monarchs of the region. In 1680 Bissau even helped the Portuguese in a conflict with the Papels of Cacheu. The city was founded in 1687 as a Portuguese trading post. During this same period French activities in the area were increasing. Although the king of Bissau Bacompolco refused them permission to build a fort, he did grant them a trading factory, from which they shipped thousands of slaves, among other things. In response the Portuguese established the captaincy-general of Bissau, and by 1696 the town had a fort, a church, and a hospital. It was the main emporium for trade on and south of the Geba river, and was rivaling if not eclipsing Cacheu in importance. Bacompulco died in 1696. King Incinhate emerged from the ensuing succession dispute despite tacit Portuguese opposition, and relations rapidly deteriorated. When Captain-General Pinheiro tried to enforce Portugal's monopoly in defiance of the…

Geography

Bissau is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean. The land surrounding the city is extremely low-lying, and the river is accessible to ocean-going vessels despite its modest discharge for about beyond the city. Bissau has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), not quite wet enough to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate (Am) but much wetter than most climates of its type. Almost no rain falls from November to May, but during the remaining five months of the year, the city receives around of rain.

Most-observed species

• Hooded Vulture

  Necrosyrtes monachus (Temminck, 1823) · Aves
  189
• Common Bulbul

  Pycnonotus barbatus (Desfontaines, 1789) · Aves
  178
• Pied Crow

  Corvus albus Statius Muller, 1776 · Aves
  176
• Yellow-crowned Gonolek

  Laniarius barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  124
• Laughing Dove

  Spilopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  123
• Red-chested Swallow

  Hirundo lucida Hartlaub, 1858 · Aves
  121
• Cattle Egret

  Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  118
• Black Kite

  Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) · Aves
  117