Colfax

History

Colfax was laid out in 1866. It is named for Schuyler Colfax. In its heyday, the city of Colfax had two main industries that drew thousands to the area: the mining of coal, and the use of the mineral springs discovered near the city. The first large scale coal mine in Jasper County was the Watson No. 1 Mine, 5 miles southeast of town, connected to the Rock Island by a long railroad spur. From 1881 to 1900, the Jasper County Coal and Railway Company operated a number of mines north of Colfax. The Colfax Consolidated Coal Company formed in 1902, bringing the mines of Colfax under a common operator. They opened mine No. 8 in 1905; this was one of the best equipped mines in the state. The coal camp of Severs was run by this company. United Mine Workers local 56 was organized in Colfax in 1899; by 1907, it had 352 members. Mine wages varied from $2.36 to $2.56 per day. In 1912, the UMW union had two locals based in Colfax, Local 56, with 350 members, and Local 671, with 230 members. In the process of drilling for coal in 1875, a well containing high mineral content was discovered near Colfax. The city flourished with this new discovery, and over the next four decades, thousands of people visited the town to partake in the healing powers of the fourteen mineral springs there. Nine hotels offering mineral baths and spa treatments opened to house guests, and four bottling companies opened to produce bottled mineral water for the masses. In 1912–1913, the city received funding to build a Carnegie library. The library is still in use today. The booming business of the city's mineral springs industry declined and died out as the Great Depression swept the country.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.

Race & ethnicity

Most-observed species

• American Robin

  Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766 · Aves
  1,594
• Red-winged Blackbird

  Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  1,573
• Northern Cardinal

  Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  1,372
• American Goldfinch

  Spinus tristis (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  1,258
• Mourning Dove

  Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  1,206
• Blue Jay

  Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  1,066
• Red-bellied Woodpecker

  Melanerpes carolinus (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  975
• Turkey Vulture

  Cathartes aura (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  963

Largest nearby schools

• Newton Senior High School
  High · Newton · 818 students · 17:1 ratio
• Colfax-Mingo Elementary School
  Elementary · Colfax · 391 students · 13.5:1 ratio
• Colfax-Mingo Jr/Sr High School
  High · Colfax · 333 students · 12.3:1 ratio
• Thomas Jefferson Elementary School
  Elementary · Newton · 325 students · 13:1 ratio
• Prairie City Elementary School
  Elementary · Prairie City · 320 students · 15.2:1 ratio
• Woodrow Wilson Elementary School
  Elementary · Newton · 272 students · 14.3:1 ratio
• PCM Middle School
  Middle · Prairie City · 247 students · 13:1 ratio
• Emerson Hough Elementary School
  Elementary · Newton · 224 students · 11.2:1 ratio

Most recent

• M 2.5 — 2025-06-25
  10 km WNW of Marysville, Iowa
• M 3 — 2025-06-25
  5 km S of Knoxville, Iowa
• M 3.3 — 2025-06-25
  8 km SE of Knoxville, Iowa