Mangalia

Sister cities

• Santa Severina
• Porto Viro
• Piran
• Lavrio
• General Toshevo
• Balchik
• Struga
• Banská Bystrica
• Fondi
• Greenport

History

The Greek colony of Callatis was founded in the 6th century BC by the city of Heraclea Pontica. Like the other Greek cities on the coast nearby, it became a Greek city-state with its own chora (hinterland) which included the fortified settlement of Albesti 15 km distant. Its first silver coinage was minted around 350 BC. The Macedonians invaded the area starting in 339 BC, against which Callatis and the nearby Greek cities revolted, leading to the siege of the city in 313–311 by Lysimachus and its reoccupation. In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general Lucullus and was assigned to the Roman province of Moesia Inferior. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the 3rd century but recovered in the 4th century to regain its status as an important trade hub and port city. From the 7th to the 11th century, the city was under the rule of the First Bulgarian Empire. Callatis existed until the mid-7th century under this name. Life in the town resumed in the 10th century. In the 13th century, Callatis came to be known as Pangalia. The Vlachs called it Tomisovara and the Greeks called it Panglicara. In July 1878 the Congress of Berlin modified the Treaty of San Stefano. According to Article XLVI the Bulgaria–Romania border in Dobrudja was defined as "a line starting from the east of Silistra and terminating on the Black Sea, south of Mangalia." A Roman Byzantine building has been excavated against the city wall and next to a street paved with big limestone tiles and which has a channel on its longitudinal axis. It is composed of an atrium with a complex system for collecting rainwater, a palace…

Geography

Mangalia is positioned at 43°49′ latitude and 28°35′ longitude, with an approximate elevation of 10 meters, south of the municipality of Constanţa, at the same latitude as the French resort of Nice. Mangalia is one of the southernmost resorts on the Romanian coast of the Black Sea. Mangalia is characterized by a moderate maritime climate (annual average temperature - one of the highest in Romania) with hot summers (July average over ) and mild winters (January average ), Mangalia being the country's second place, after Băile Herculane, with positive average temperatures in wintertime. Spring comes early but is cool and autumn is long and warm. In summer, cloudiness is reduced (about 25 sunny days in a month) and the duration of sunshine is of 10–12 hours a day, with over 2300 hours yearly. Annual precipitation is low (about ). The sea breeze is stronger in summer. The natural cure factors are the water of the Black Sea, which is chlorided, sulphated, sodic, magnesian, hypotonic (mineralization 15.5g), the sulphurous, chlorided, bicarbonated, sodic, calcic, mesothermal (21-28 °C) mineral waters of the springs in the northern part of the city, in the area of the beach between Saturn and Venus, the sulphurous peat mud, rich in minerals, which is extracted from the peat bog north of the city (expected to last another 250 years) and the marine climate, rich in saline aerosols and solar radiation that have a bracing effect on the organism. The resort has a large, fine-sand beach developed for purposes of aeroheliotherapy and wave therapy, as well as high seawalls with a specific microclimate where one may benefit from inhalations of saline aerosols having therapeutic effects.

Most-observed species

• Eurasian Marsh-Harrier

  Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  520
• Great Cormorant/European Shag

  Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  484
• Yellow-legged Gull

  Larus michahellis J.F.Naumann, 1840 · Aves
  424
• Mute Swan

  Cygnus olor (J.F.Gmelin, 1789) · Aves
  395
• Eurasian Coot

  Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  327
• Mallard

  Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  311
• Barn Swallow

  Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  309
• Eurasian Magpie

  Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  304

Most recent

• M 3.8 — 2015-07-15
  13 km ESE of Balgarevo, Bulgaria
• M 4.5 — 2012-12-03
  14 km SE of Shabla, Bulgaria
• M 5 — 2009-08-05
  16 km SE of Shabla, Bulgaria
• M 3.8 — 2006-08-24
  25 km SE of Shabla, Bulgaria
• M 3 — 2006-02-04
  15 km ENE of Suvorovo, Bulgaria