Șimleu Silvaniei

Sister cities

• Szarvas
• Nyírbátor

History

Before the Roman conquest of Dacia, Șimleu was a political, social and administrative Dacian centre, of high importance. Seven Dacian fortresses, some with associated settlements, were arranged in an arc shape around the hills of Șimleu. They had a strategic role in supervising the trade along the salt road coming from areas around Napoca, Potaissa, and modern Dej, and heading to Pannonia. The centre of an early Gepidia, on the plains northwest of the Meseș Mountains, appears to have been located around Șimleu Silvaniei, where early 5th-century precious objects of Roman provenance have been unearthed. The town was mentioned in 1258 as Wathasomlyowa. The name means "Wata's mountain"; the name Wata is of Old Turkish origin, while somlyowa is an archaic Hungarian word for mountain(side). The town belonged to the Báthory family, whose ancestral castle stood here. The castle was built by Miklós, voivode of Transylvania in the early 13th century and was first mentioned in 1319. After the Báthory family built a mansion in the town in 1592, the castle became deserted and today lies in ruins. The Catholic church was built in 1534 by Transylvania's voivode Báthory István and his wife Telegdy Katalin with the occasion of their son's birth. Holy Trinity Statue was built in 1772. The Reformed church was rebuilt between 1729 and 1736. The synagogue was built in 1876. The mansion was occupied by Giorgio Basta from Zsigmond Báthory in 1600. It was occupied by the Ottomans in 1660 and was part of Varat Eyalet until 1692. In 1703 it was occupied by Kurucs. From 1876 to 1920, Șimleu Silvaniei was part of the Szilágy County of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Greek Catholic Vicariate of Șimleu Silvaniei was formed in 1910 and in 1817 the vicariate opened its own school. George Tatu…

Most-observed species

• Great Tit

  Parus major Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  235
• Eurasian Collared-Dove

  Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838) · Aves
  195
• Eurasian Magpie

  Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  171
• Eurasian Tree Sparrow

  Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  162
• House Sparrow

  Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  143
• Rock Pigeon

  Columba livia J.F.Gmelin, 1789 · Aves
  111
• Rook

  Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  110
• Common Buzzard

  Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  102

Most recent

• M 4.3 — 2025-10-15
  3 km SSW of Porumbești, Romania
• M 2.6 — 2006-12-08
  10 km NNW of Horea, Romania
• M 3.1 — 2006-11-15
  5 km SE of Vary, Ukraine
• M 3 — 2006-07-14
  5 km NNE of Dobre?ti, Romania
• M 3.1 — 2005-05-17
  4 km SSE of M?rg?u, Romania