Colonia del Sacramento

Sister cities

• Feltre
• Guimarães
• Pelotas

History

Following the restoration of the Portuguese crown, King Peter II sought to establish the southern border of Brazil. Manuel Lobo with 5 ships containing about 400 soldiers, craftsmen, carpenters and stonecutters, and 18 guns, reached San Gabriel Island on 20 January 1680. On 28 January, they commenced establishing a post. José de Garro sent spies from Santo Domingo de Soriano on 22 February 1680, after receiving a negative response on 10 February to his ultimatum to leave the site. Garro sent a force of 3,400 men under the command of Antonio de Vera Mujica, capturing the besieged town on the night of 6–7 August 1680. Lobo was taken as a prisoner to Buenos Aires, where he died on 7 January 1683. A treaty between Spain and Portugal signed in 1681 returned Colonia to Portugal. The rule from 1680 to present (with flag of the period) is: {| class="wikitable" ! From!! To !! Rule !! Reason for Handover |- bgcolor=#AADDBB || 1680 ||1680 || Portugal || conquered by José de Garro |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD || 1680 ||1681 || Spain || treaty between Spain and Portugal |- bgcolor=#AADDBB || 1681 || 1705 || Portugal || conquered in the War of Spanish Succession |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD || 1705 ||1713 || Spain || Treaty of Utrecht |- bgcolor=#AADDBB || 1714 || 1762 || Portugal || First Cevallos expedition |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD || 1762 ||1763 || Spain || Treaty of Paris (1763) |- bgcolor=#AADDBB || 1763 || 1777 || Portugal || Second Cevallos expedition |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD || 1777 ||1811 || Spain || Revolt led by José Gervasio Artigas |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF || 1811 ||1817 || Liga Federal || Portuguese conquest |- bgcolor=#AADDBB || 1817 || 1822 || United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves|| Brazilian Declaration of Independence |- bgcolor=#99AAFF || 1822 || 1828 || Brazil ||…

Geography

Colonia del Sacramento has a mild humid subtropical climate, described by the Köppen climate classification as Cfa. Summers are warm and winters are cool, with relatively frequent frosts and fog. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of 1,039 mm (40.91 in), and the annual average temperature is 17 °C (63 °F).