Fort Defiance

History

The land on which Fort Defiance was eventually established was first noted by the U.S. military when Colonel John Washington stopped there on his return journey from an expedition to Canyon de Chelly. Fort Defiance was established on September 18, 1851, by Col. Edwin V. Sumner to create a military presence in Diné bikéyah (Navajo territory). Sumner broke up the fort at Santa Fe for this purpose, creating the first military post in what is now Arizona. He left Major Electus Backus in charge. Fort Defiance was built on valuable grazing land that the federal government then prohibited the Navajo from using. As a result, the appropriately named fort experienced intense fighting, culminating in two attacks: in 1856 and 1860. The next year, at the onset of the Civil War, the army abandoned Fort Defiance. Continued Navajo raids in the area led Brigadier General James H. Carleton to send Kit Carson to impose order. The fort was reestablished as Fort Canby in 1863 as a base for Carson's operations against the Navajo. General Carleton's "solution" was brutal: thousands of starving Navajo were forced on a Long Walk of and interned near Fort Sumner, New Mexico, and much of their livestock was destroyed. Following completion of this campaign in 1864 the fort was again abandoned and was burned by remaining Navajo, with only its walls remaining. The Navajo Treaty of 1868 allowed those interned to return to a portion of their land, and Fort Defiance was reestablished as an Indian agency that year. In 1870, the first government school for the Navajo was established there. Today, the site of Fort Defiance is populated by buildings dating from the 1930s to the present day used by various governmental agencies including the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Health Service, and the…

Geography

Fort Defiance is located on the Defiance Plateau approximately north of Window Rock. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

Race & ethnicity

Largest nearby schools

• Window Rock High School
  High · FORT DEFIANCE · 571 students · 18.4:1 ratio
• Tsehootsooi Primary Learning Center
  Elementary · Fort Defiance · 441 students · 19.2:1 ratio
• Tsehootsooi Intermediate Learning Center
  Middle · Fort Defiance · 355 students · 17.8:1 ratio
• Tsehootsooi Middle School
  Middle · FORT DEFIANCE · 259 students · 15.2:1 ratio
• Tsehootsooi Dine Bi'Olta
  Elementary · Window Rock · 84 students · 12:1 ratio
• Integrated Preschool
  Other · FORT DEFIANCE · 26 students · 13:1 ratio
• NATIVE - Window Rock High School
  High · FORT DEFIANCE