Ranchi

History

The earliest evidence of use of several iron slag, pot sheds, iron tools found in Chota Nagpur region around 1400 BCE. Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the territory, which lasted until the reign of the Ashoka. Armies of Samudra Gupta passed through the region on their expedition to the Deccan. In the 4th century CE, Nagvanshi king Raja Pratap Rai chose Chutia as his capital which is now a place in Ranchi. Few ruins of Chutia trace back to the 2nd century CE. With the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the sovereign status of the Nagvanshi dynasty was technically affected, but they continued to rule and administer independently. Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo made Satranji as capital of Barkagarh estate near Subarnarekha river. He built Jagannath Temple in 1691. After the Battle of Buxar, Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company. The British reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Jamindar in 1817 due to rebellion of Jagirdars under Nagvanshi against tax imposition by East India Company and directly ruled Chotanagpur. In 1833, Captain Wilkinson established headquarter of the South-West Frontier agency in Lohardaga but in 1843 they moved the headquarters to the village of Kishunpur, which he renamed into Ranchi after the hamlet located at the foot of the Hill. In 1855, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo declared independence from British rule. British attacked Satranji but he defeated British forces. He ruled independently for two years. In the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo led soldiers of Ramgarh Battalion with Madhav Singh who was Jamadar of Ramgarh Battalion. Pandey Ganpat Rai, Tikait Umrao Singh and Sheikh Bhikhari also joined the rebellion. They attacked the British in Ranchi and compelled to flee them. But later they were defeated by East India…

Geography

Ranchi lies at near the Tropic of Cancer. The city covers an area of Although Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Climate Classification: Cwa), its location and the forests surrounding it combine to produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it is known. Summer temperatures range from 20 to 42 °C, winter temperatures from 0 to 25 °C. December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in some areas (Kanke). The annual rainfall is about 1,430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm. Ranchi has been ranked 32nd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.

Most-observed species

• Black Drongo

  Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot, 1817 · Aves
  955
• Common Myna

  Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  857
• Spotted Dove

  Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786) · Aves
  832
• Black Kite

  Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) · Aves
  792
• Red-vented Bulbul

  Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766) · Aves
  737
• Rose-ringed Parakeet

  Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) · Aves
  676
• Asian Pied Starling

  Gracupica contra (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  634
• House Crow

  Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 · Aves
  604