Trnava

History

Permanent settlements on the city's territory are known from the Neolithic period onwards. During the Middle Ages, an important market settlement arose here at the junction of two important roads – from Bohemia to Hungary and from the Mediterranean to Poland. The first written reference to Trnava dates from 1211. In 1238, Trnava was the first town in (present-day) Slovakia to be granted a town charter (civic privileges) by the king. The former agricultural center gradually became a center of manufacture, trade, and crafts. By the early 13th century, the king of Hungary had invited numerous Germans to settle in Trnava; this settlement increased after the Tatar invasion in 1242. At the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, a part of Trnava was enclosed by very long city walls. The original Hungarian and Slovak market settlement and the Germans stayed behind this wall. Trnava was also the place of many important negotiations: Charles I, the king of Hungary, signed here a currency agreement with the Czech King John of Luxemburg in 1327, and King Louis I (who often stayed in the town and died there in 1382) signed a friendship agreement with Emperor Charles IV there in 1360. The temporary German majority in Trnava's population yielded in favour of the Slovaks during the campaigns undertaken by the Czech Hussites in the 15th century. In April 1430, the Hussites penetrated close to the town and defeated the Hungarian army in the Battle of Trnava. However, they suffered heavy losses and withdrew to Moravia. On 24 June 1432, a small group of Hussites masked as tradesmen entered the town, overcame the guards in the night, and captured the town without a fight. Then, they made Trnava the center of their campaigns in northwestern Kingdom of Hungary from 1432 to 1435. The town,…

Most-observed species

• Common Buzzard

  Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  660
• Eurasian Blackbird

  Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  623
• Great Tit

  Parus major Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  611
• Gray/Purple Heron

  Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  598
• Common Wood-Pigeon

  Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  520
• Mallard

  Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  515
• Eurasian Kestrel

  Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 · Aves
  496
• European Goldfinch

  Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) · Aves
  436

Most recent

• M 3.9 — 2026-02-21
  11 km ESE of Šamorín, Slovakia
• M 2.8 — 2018-08-17
  1 km ENE of Tren?ianske Teplice, Slovakia
• M 3.6 — 2013-10-02
  2 km ENE of Unterwaltersdorf, Austria
• M 4.2 — 2013-09-20
  1 km SSW of Leithaprodersdorf, Austria
• M 3.6 — 2006-03-13
  5 km NNW of Leopoldov, Slovakia
• M 3.1 — 2006-03-09
  3 km SSW of Tren?ianske Teplice, Slovakia